Английский, вар 3 (Responsibilities of M

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Английский, вар 3 (Responsibilities of Modern Firefighters)


Вариант III
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий и сравнительные союзы.
1. Synthetic fuels burn faster than wood and paper.
2. The most effective extinguishant for class D fires is a dry powder agent.
3. Water spray is as effective for fire extinction as gaseous agents in some circumstances.
4. The closer the fuel is to the heat source, the faster the temperature of the fuel is raised.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы. Подчеркните их.
1. Firefighters should know that the increased air supply may intensify the fire.
2. Fire drills can help firefighters evacuate people fr om buildings when a fire or other emergencies occur.
3. Firefighters were not able to get to the fire seat quickly because of the collapsed roof of the building.
4. For ordinary combustible materials the oxygen level must be reduced to 4 or 5 percent for complete fire extinguishment.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода причастия I и II.
1. The State Fire Academy of Emercom of Russia is one of the leading centers specializing in the development of firefighting and emergency rescue equipment.
2. When applied to a fire, dry chemical agents cause extinguishment by smothering a fire process.
3. Being heated to a temperature above its flash point a liquid will ignite in the presence of an ignition source.
4. Successful fire extinguishment is the result of the systematic application of planned procedures.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения в страдательном залоге.
1. The quality of firefighting foam can be influenced by the type of foam-making equipment and the way it is operated and maintained.
2. The fire was quickly extinguished in its incipient stage.
3. The whole town will be evacuated in the event of any substantial fire.
4. The fire was controlled only when it reached the floor equipped with automatic sprinklers.

V. Прочтите текст "Responsibilities of Modern Firefighters" и переведите его устно, затем перепишите и переведите письменно 2, 3 и 4 абзацы.
Responsibilities of Modern Firefighters
1. The functions of the fire service have greatly changed in the last decades. The firefighter’s job consisted mainly of extinguishing fires while responding to emergency calls, and of maintaining fire stations and fire engines.
2. Today, firefighters are required a broad range of skills as they have to respond to a wide range of emergencies often unrelated to fires. These may include vehicle accidents, terrorist attacks, oil spills, floods and other natural and man-made disasters. Almost all fire departments provide emergency medical response at the basic level, and many offer patient transport services to hospitals.
3. Special units of firefighters are trained to perform specialized functions such as dealing with hazardous materials incidents, or carrying out technical rescue. As the role of the firefighter has expanded the selection of tools and equipment has become larger and much more specialized. They range from simple devices, such as hoses, ladders, and axes, to portable radios and thermal imaging cameras.
4. Arson investigation, fire code enforcement and fire safety education often form separate divisions within the fire department. In most fire departments firefighters take part in public education, fire inspections, and other forms of dealing with community. Thus, most fire inspectors’ work involves inspecting commercial or other nonresidential structures. They examine these buildings to eliminate fire hazards and to monitor fire protection equipment, such as sprinkler systems, fire extinguishers, and fire alarms to ensure their operability. Inspectors also check industrial sites to determine if hazardous and combustible materials are stored properly.

VI. Просмотрите текст "Stages of Fire Development" и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему по-русски:
1. What are the stages of fire development?
2. When can a backdraft phenomenon occur?
Stages of Fire Development
Fires develop through several stages and each one has its own characteristics.
The incipient stage is known as the first stage of a fire. It is identified by a sufficient supply of fuel and oxygen. Temperature at the fire seat may have reached 1000 °F, but room temperature is still close to normal.
The incipient stage is followed by the free-burning stage. At this point, the self-sustained chemical reaction is intensifying. Greater amounts of heat are given off, the fuel and oxygen supply are rapidly consumed. Room temperatures can rise to over 1300 °F.
The smoldering stage follows the free-burning one. A smoldering fire is characterized by a sufficient amount of fuels and oxygen concentrations of less than 15%. Smouldering fire, especially when insulated within a compartment, can continue for hours. Room temperature can range from 1000 to 1500 °F. The byproducts of combustion fill the room. During this stage, an extreme hazard, called backdraft, can develop. It occurs in a situation wh ere oxygen is suddenly introduced into an enclosed space that is filled with heated products of combustion. In some cases, the backdraft is so violent that an explosion will occur.