Английский, вариант 1 (Economic Systems)

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Английский, вариант 1 (Economic Systems)


Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s (-es) и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
a) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
c) признаком притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1)    Some businesses are formed as non-for-profit or state-owned ones.
2)    A corporation is overseen by a board of directors which hires the managerial staff of the business.
3)    The lecturer gave several examples of the Russian scientists' international ties.

Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных существительными.
1)    The day-to-day transactions are summarized in day books.
2)    The profit and loss account shows how the profit (or loss) was made.
3)    The standard wage rates can be compared with the actual ones.

Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1)    His new book is not as interesting as the previous one.
2)    The larger the firm the better chance of survival it has.
3)    The IT market is one of the most dynamic sectors of Russia's economy.

Задание 4. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных, отрицательных и указательных местоимений.
1)    At some of the London underground stations there are lifts, others have escalators.
2)    He has no reason to be present at the shareholders' meeting.
3)    I could not see anything in the dark room.

Задание 5. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глагола и укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1)    Last year they increased their production.
2)    He signed a few contracts last summer.
3)    He thinks of starting his own business.
4)    This company will make a big profit next month.

Задание 6. Прочитайте текст, перепишите его и письменно переведите на русский язык.
Economic Systems
People and societies organize economic life to deal with the basic problems through economic systems. An economic system can be described as the collection of institutions, laws, incentives and activities which govern economic relationships between people in a society.
Most economic systems use one or more of three basic methods to make economic decisions: tradition, command and markets. So economic systems are classified into four broad categories. They are traditional, command, market and mixed economies.
Traditional economies. Traditional economic system are found in the poorest areas of the world. They are less common today. People generally repeat the decisions made by earlier generations. The traditional economy has most of its people in rural areas. They are engaged in agriculture or other primary sectors such as fishing or lumber.
Command economies. They rely almost totally on government which makes economic decisions through centralized authorities. They government owns all the major productive resources. The Soviet Union and some other countries are example of the countries where government decisions are dominant.
Market economies. Most productive resources belong to private individuals. They make economic decisions. There are several key constituents in any market economy, two of them are sellers and buyers. A market place is any place where goods and services are sold and bought.
Mixed economies. These are economic systems which lie between command and market economies. They answer the basic economic questions partly through the market and partly through government with some questions based on tradition

Задание 7. Прочитайте последний абзац текста и ответьте письменно на вопрос.
How do mixed economies answer the basic economic question?