Англ (Economic Policy)

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Англ (Economic Policy)


КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА
Задание 10. Определите время и залог сказуемого. Предложения переведите:
Образец:
Queen Elizabeth II came to the throne in 1952.
Королева Елизавета II взошла на трон в 1952.
came – Past Indefinite Active от глагола to come

10.17     a) The leader of the winning party automatically becomes Prime Minister
b) The party that has won the general elections makes up the majority in the House of Commons.
c) People have been coming to Britain for centuries.
d) Many Irish people came to England to escape famine and to find work

Задание 11
Поставьте 5 типов вопросов к тексту
а) общий -
б) специальный -  
в) альтернативный -
г) специальный к подлежащему -
д) разделительный -

A cosmopolitan society
Most people in Britain are English, Scottish or Welsh, but in some British cities you can meet people of many different nationalities. There is one London street, less than 300 metres long, with businesses run by Arabs, Greeks, Indians, Italians, Jamaicans, Nigerians, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish, as well as British.
But is Britain a cosmopolitan society? It really depends on where you go. There are large areas of Britain untouched by immigration. In 1991, 5.5 per cent of the 57 million population described themselves as belonging to an ethnic minority of Caribbean, African or Asian origin. However, in Scotland, Wales, the north and south-west of England only 1 per cent of the population belongs to an ethnic minority. Most members of ethnic minorities live in the South-East. In Greater London, they represent 20 per cent of the population.
London's immigrants come from inside and outside Europe. There is almost the same number of Irish immigrants (3.8 per cent of the population) as Black Caribbean immigrants (4.4 per cent of the population). Many so-called “immigrants” are born in Britain: more than 36,000 Londoners born in Britain describe themselves as “Black British” instead of “African” or “Afro-Caribbean”.
People have been coming to Britain for centuries: some to get a better life, some to escape natural disasters, some as political or religious refugees.


ЧАСТЬ 2
Задание 1. Сгруппируйте однокоренные слова, подчеркните их словообразующие элементы, укажите часть речи, переведите
     Образец: separate  a          отдельный
separate v             отделять
separately adv      отдельно
separation n        отделение
separatist n          сепаратист
separator n          сепаратор

1.1     Help
Clean
Helper
Effect
Helpful
Effectively
Cleaner
Helpfully
helping
cleaning
    effective
cleanly
effectiveness
effectual.

Задание 2. Напишите исходную (словарную) форму подчеркнутых слов, найдите их значение в словаре
     Образец:       the best pupil,    good – хороший

2.20 He has arranged, in earlier times, goods were exchanged, a driving force, an unprejudiced thinker, the channel separates, companies, the troubles grew, import duties, he disagreed.

Задание 3.  Перепишите предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами, подчеркните их, переведите
Образец: The children are not allowed            Детям не разрешают
                 to smoke.                                              курить.
3.11     a) You may take any book you like.
b) Devices in the laboratory have to operate under very difficult conditions.
c) I can easily carry this trunk to the station.
d) They must have forgotten all about it.              

Задание 4. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните сказуемое в личной форме, определите его  видовременную форму, переведите предложения
Образец:It takes us a lot of time to             Нам требуется много времени,  
                 learn a foreign language.             чтобы выучить иностранный язык.
                               takes – Present Indefinite Active от глагола to take  
4.14     a) He never interrupts people when they want to speak.
    b) The service life of machines can’t be increased by strengthening treatment.
    c) If he comes the experiment will be finished in time.
    d) A new school has been just built in that community.
    e) A great number of new houses are built in Moscow every year.

Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив и инфинитивные обороты
5.15     a) He was glad to have been helped.
    b) He was sorry not to have heard your report at the conference.
    c) The first question to be considered is whether the offer of the sellers should be accepted.
    d) I am glad to invite you to the concert.
    e) I am glad to have invited you to the conference.

Задание 6. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на причастие и деепричастные обороты
6.5     a) Thank you for the fax sent on November 18!
b) Having been given the instructions, the man left the office and started for the journey at once.
c) They watched the new plant started.
d) The question being too difficult, no one could answer it.
e) The model shown to us has been made by one of the best specialists.

Задание 7. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на герундий и герундиальные обороты
7.18     a) The lecturer objected to this student’s being allowed to continue the course.
       b) Before answering our question, he made his point of view clear.
    c) They insisted on changing the rules.
    d) Weak students preferred being helped by others.
    e) In discussing this problem the students found out a lot of interesting      things.

Задание 8. Прочтите текст и составьте словарь-минимум (15-20 лексических единиц):
8.3 Economic Policy
Fiscal policy is one of the tools that governments have to keep the economy on a steady path. The 2 main components of fiscal policy are changes in the tax system and changes in government spending. But what changes can governments make in these 2 areas and how do changes affect the growth of the economy? Let’s look first at the tax system and in particular at income tax.
Income tax (подоходный налог) is one of the biggest sources of income for a government. Many governments operate a system called progressive taxation. This means that the more you earn the more tax you pay. People are usually allowed to keep some of their income without paying any tax. This is called the personal allowance (налоговая скидка). The rest of the income is then taxed using the progressive system. If the economy is growing too fast and demand for goods and services is more than the economy can supply, the government will want to slow down spending.
To do this they can decrease the personal allowance or they can increase the percentage to pay in tax. This will mean that people have less disposable income (доход после уплаты налогов), and spending will slow down. If the economy is slowing down too much governments can do the opposite.

Задание 10. Составьте пять вопросов к тексту,  с которым вы работали в задании 8.