Англ, вар 5 (THE HOUSE)

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Англ, вар 5 (THE HOUSE)


Вариант 5
1) Прочтите текст и переведите его письменно в тетради.
THE HOUSE
1. A house is a building that functions as a home. Homes typically provide areas and facilities for sleeping, preparing food, eating and hygiene. Man has always been a builder. The kind of house he built depended upon the climate, upon his enemies, and upon the building materials at hand. The first houses in many parts of the world were made of wood, for in those days the greater part of the Earth was covered with forests.
2. The first huts and shelters were constructed by hand or with simple tools. As cities grew during the Bronze Age, a class of professional craftsmen, like bricklayers and carpenters, appeared. In other regions the most convenient building material was stone. Men began building houses out of stone very long ago. Although they were built without cement, the remains of a few of them still exist.
3. The ancient Egyptians built very simple houses, by present standards. They dried bricks in the sun, put up four walls, and above these they placed a flat roof. The roof was flat because there was very little rain in Egypt. Although their buildings were simple in construction, the Egyptian art of building was very beautiful.
4. In ancient Russia architecture flourished for the first time in Kievan Russ. The churches of that time were strong buildings with thick walls and small windows. These churches were mainly built fr om wood. Later, in large cathedrals primary building materials were fieldstone and limestone blocks. Their interiors were painted in frescoes, and their doors were made of bronze.
5. From the end of the 18 th century iron and steel became widely used as alternatives to wood. In the 19 th century, steam-powered machinery appeared, and later diesel- and electric powered vehicles such as cranes, excavators and bulldozers. Buildings of the 19th century are characterized by the use of new materials and by a great diversity of architectural styles. The 20 th century is notable for widespread use of steel-reinforced concrete. Architecture of the 20 th century is characterized by very high buildings – particularly skyscrapers – and by great diversity of styles which completely differ from those of the past.

2) Прочтите следующие вопросы и ответьте на них письменно (на английском языке).
1. What were the first houses made of?
2. Wh ere did Russian architecture flourish for the first time?
3. What are buildings of the 19-th century characterized by?
4. When did reinforced concrete appear?
5. What is the main peculiarity of the 20-th century buildings?

3) Выпишите из текста три простых предложения, подчеркните в них глаголы, определите их видо-временную форму и залог. Задайте общий вопрос к каждому из этих предложений.

4) Закончите разделительные вопросы и перепишитн их. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The research was carried out under great difficulty, .... ?
2. We are only at the beginning of the application of atomic energy, ....?
3. London makes a great impression on all visitors, ... ?
4. Architects have done some very good work in designing skyscrapers, ..?

5) Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, подчеркните неопределённые и отрицательные местоимения.
1. Has anybody of them been to Scotland?
2. Nobody will smoke in the room.
3. The Metric System has some advantages over the English System.
4. The young engineer had no experience in such work.

6) Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в past Indefinite Tense (прошедшее неопределённое время). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Archeologists (to find) the concrete remains of the foundations of buildings in ancient Rome.
2. The use of the open hearth for heating and cooking within houses (to create) a fire danger.
3. Cutting (to become) possible with the invention of tools.
4. In his final years Eiffel (to turn) his interest to meteorology.

7) Выберите нужный предлог with, in, to, of, at, for. Перепишите их и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Brick belongs ... artificial construction materials.
2. They first used sun-dried mud bricks ... building.
3. Parts of some ancient buildings can still be seen today ... Greece.
4. london Bridge, finished in 1209, consisted … nineteen irregular pointed arches.