Англ, вар 2 (Going to Extremes)

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Англ, вар 2 (Going to Extremes)


Контрольная работа № 1. Вариант 2
Задание 1. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст, а абзацы 1,2, 3 и 4 переведите письменно:
Going to Extremes
John Hancock reports on the history of some of your favorite extreme sports.
Whether it’s a jaw-dropping move on a skateboard or the raw speed of BMX there is no doubt that extreme sports have taken off in a big way over the last twenty-five years. Some need snow, some need wheels but they all share an element of danger, usually combinedwith acrobatic stunts.
ESPN, the American TV sports network, organized the first Extreme Games (now the X Games) in 1995 and coined the phrase ‘extreme sports’. This is partly because they are often considered to be different fr om older, established sports. However, some older, more traditional sports, such as freestyle skiing, skydiving, surfing and water skiing, are also sometimes considered extreme sports.
Extreme sports have also been characterized as ‘alternative sports’. Several of the sports that fall into this category have also been known as ‘outlaw sports’ because they were banned in many areas for being too dangerous. Also, many of the athletes have adopted alternative fashions and have seen themselves as outside the usual sporting world.
Many extreme sports are in fact new versions of older sports, often made possible by technological changes or improvements in equipment. For example, BMX racing and mountain biking are both based on cycling. In-line skating is a form of roller-skating.
For the most part, extreme sports originated as recreational activities for the individuals, but often in a group context. As they have become competitive, extreme sports have been at least partly absorbed into the mainstream, although snowboarding is still the only extreme sport to have become an Olympic event.
One of the most spectacular extreme sports is BMX. There are two main forms, BMX racing, which takes place on a dirt track of about 300 to 400 meters with a series of jumps, and freestyle BMX, involving stunts and tricks. The sport has come a long way since a group of kids first started organizing races at Palms Park, Santa Monica, California, back in 1969. Fans of motocross, but too young to ride motorbikes, they named their sport ‘pedal cross’.They couldn’t have known what they were starting. Races quickly got bigger and the sport became known as BMX, which stands for ‘bicycle motocross’. The first American national championship was held in 1974 and the first magazine devoted to the sport appeared the same year. It went from strength to strength throughout the eighties and nineties and today there are over 50 national BMX organizations round the world.
Another popular extreme sport is in-line skating, with around 30 million skaters worldwide. In-line skates are generally assumed to be very new and modern, but actually all roller skates were in-line from the first known pair in 1716 until 1863. It was then that James Plimpton invented a skate with for wheels in a rectangular arrangement. In 1966, the original in-line skates returned, but it wasn’t until 1980 that two ice hockey-playing brothers, Scott and Brennan Olson of Minneapolis, realized that in-line skates could be used for training and practice when there was no ice. They started to make their own skates, selling them to friends, and eventually set up their own company, Rollerblade, to market them. They were so successful that in-line skates are often known simply as ‘Rollerblades’.
As competitive sport, in-line skating is actually several sports. There are in-line versions of the traditional roller skating events: speed skating, artistic(figure) skating, and roller hockey. However, the best-known and most popular of the competitive sports is aggressive in-line skating, also known as ‘aggro’. Athletes would show off their skills for the people watching to copy. There are two events, street and vert (short for vertical). In street competitions, skaters perform tricks while jumping over boxes, ramps, and rails, while in vert they do a 60-second routine of tricks and stunts in a half-pipe, like that used in skateboarding and snowboarding.
It seems certain extreme sports will continue to grow in popularity and bring even more people. So, what are you waiting for? Go to extremes!

Задание 2. Прочитайте весь текст. Являются ли предложения ниже правильными или неправильными или искомой информации нет в тексте:
1. Common feature of all extreme sports is an element of danger combined with acrobatic stunts.
2. Extreme activities are always absolutely new kinds of sports.
3. In-line skates were used by figure-skaters for training and practice when there was no ice.
4. There are no extreme sports events included into the Olympics.
5. Many athletes doing extreme sports see themselves as outsiders of the usual sporting world.
6. Extreme sports are for individuals.

Задание 3. Составьте вопросы к тексту из слов, расположенных не по порядку:
1. were/ the/When / Extreme Games / first / X games/ held / or ?
2. sport /Which / is/an / extreme /event/Olympic?
3. Are /two / what / forms / main/ of /BMX?
4. who/roller / invented / skates?
5. come /did /out /when /first/the /BMX magazine?

Задание 4. Ниже даны слова и словосочетания на русском языке, найдите в тексте их эквиваленты на английском:
Досуговый центр, течение, плата за вход, аквапарк, средиземноморский, вышка для ныряния, канал, прямоугольный бассейн

Задание 5. Соедините определение и термин:
Term    Definition
1. freestyle    a) a sport or activity using boots with wheels
2. roller skating    b) one sport that forms part of a sporting competition
3. recreational    c) a sloping surface used for jumping off
4. event    d) a dangerous move in certain extreme sports
5. stunt    e) done for amusement or enjoyment
6. ramp    f) (of a sport) using any method

Задание 6. Откройте скобки и поставьте прилагательные в сравнительную или превосходную степень:
1. What is the ____________ (bad) transportation problem in your city?
2. Water parks are ____________(expensive) than leisure centers but they provide value for money if you stay long enough.
3. When is the _______ (crowded) time to travel?
4. We’ve been living abroad for the last ten years, even _______ (long) than that and now we want to settle back here.
5. The ___________ (fast) way to travel between the places in St.Petersburg is by underground.
6. I tried to speak even __________ (slowly) but he could not understand me.
7. Is it ____________ (easy) to go around by car or on foot?
8. What sight did you enjoy the _____ (much)?

Задание 7. Выберите нужный вариант выделенного слова:
1. Some/any people hoover not only the floor at home, but also the furniture.
2. Do mothers often ask their children to do some/any household chores?
3. Please, load some/any detergent into the washing machine.
4. There isn’t some/any rubbish in the waste-basket. Everything is clean.
5. Let’s have some/any coffee.
6. I’m afraid we got lost. Have you got some/any idea of wh ere should we go?

Задание 8. Вставьте необходимую форму глагола:
1. My husband (to be) in London at the moment. He (to stay) at the Savoy Hotel. He normally (to stay) there when he is in London.
2. My boss is a very quiet person, but yesterday he (to lose) his patience.
3. I (to work) in the garden after breakfast, when the postman (to ring) the doorbell.
4. I (to have) three jobs since I (to leave) school.
5. Last year my parents (to stay) at home during their holidays.
6. My mother (not to smoke) for two months.

Задание 9. Поставьте слова в скобках в правильную форму:
What’s wedding like in the USA? Different (1)_________ (religion)and ethnic groups celebrate in different ways, but here are some typical customs.
First, the bride’s family sends (2)_________(invite) to the guests. The guests usually send gifts to the bride’s home before the wedding day.
At the wedding ceremony, the bride wears a white dress, and her bridesmaids wear colored dresses. The head bridesmaid is called the maid of honor. And she is usually the bride’s best friend. The groom is accompanied by groomsmen and the (3)________(good) man, who is usually the groom’s best friend.
After the ceremony, everyone goes to the (4) ___________ (receive). At the end of the meal, the best man makes a speech. People make toasts to wish the newlyweds happy life. When the dancing begins, the bride and groom have the (5)________ (one) dance. Then the groom dances with his mother, the bride with her father, and the best man with the maid of honor. After that, everyone else is invited to dance. The bride and groom cut the wedding cake together and feed each other a bite. Then the rest of the cake is cut and everyone gets a piece.
After the reception, the bride and groom set off on their honeymoon. Before they leave, the bride throws her bouquet over her shoulder to the (6)__________ (not married) women guests. The one who catches it is supposed to be the next person to get married!

Задание 10. Вставьте артикли, где это необходимо:
Central Park was (1)____ first specially made public park in (2)____ USA. The park was built between 1857 and 1873, right in (3)_____center of (4)____ New York. Before that, the area was home to around 1,600 immigrants, mainly Irish farmers, German gardeners and others.
(5)_____ immigrants had to move, and their homes were destroyed to make space for the park.
The city held a competition to design the park. (6)____ competition was won by Calvert Vaux, (7)______ British architect, and his business partner, Frederick Law Olmsted.
Nowadays, New Yorkers are not the only people who enjoy the park. It receives about 35 milion visitors from outside the city every year and is an important tourist attraction.

Задание 11. Определите функцию окончания –s в следующих предложениях:
1. Everyone goes to reception after the wedding ceremony.
2. The immigrants had to move.
3. The bride’s family sends invitations to the guests.
4. The girl who catches the bouquet is supposed to be the next person to get married!
5. New leisure centers have been opened recently in this area.