Тест к занятию 2 по англ (26 вопр, МЭИ)

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Тест к занятию 2 по англ (26 вопросов, МЭИ)
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ЗАНЯТИЕ 2.
Text . ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE AND RESISTANCE.
1. As was previously stated, there is always a disorderly movement of free
electrons within all substances, especially metals. Let us assume that there is a
movement of electrons through the wire, say, from point A to point B. What does it
mean? It means that there is an excess of electrons at point A. Unless there were a
flow of electric current between A and B in any direction, it would mean that both
the former and the latter were at the same potential. Of course, the greater the
potential difference, the greater is the electron flow.
2. The electromotive force (e.m.f.) is the very force that moves the electrons
from one point in an electric circuit towards another. In case this e.m.f. is direct,
the current is direct. On the other hand, were the electromotive force alternating,
the current would be alternating, too. The e.m.f. is measurable and it is the volt that
is the unit used for measuring it.One need not explain to the reader that a current is
unable to flow in a circuit consisting of metallic wires alone. A source of an e.m.f.
should be provided as well. The source under consideration may be a cell or a
battery, a generator, a thermocouple or a photocell, etc.
3. In addition to the electromotive force and the potential difference
reference should be made here to another important factor that greatly influences
electrical flow, namely, resistance. So, to resistance shall we turn our attention
now. The student probably remembers that all substances offer a certain amount of
opposition, that is to say resistance, to the passage of current. This resistance may
be high or low depending on the type of circuit and the material employed. Take
glass and rubber as an example. They offer a very high resistance and, hence, they
are considered as good insulators. Nevertheless, one must not forget that all
substances do allow the passage of some current provided the potential difference
is high enough.
4. Imagine two oppositely charged balls suspended far apart in the air. In
spite of our having a difference of potential, no current flows. How can we explain
this strange behaviour? The simple reason is that the air between the balls offers
too great a resistance to current flow. However, the electrons could certainly flow
from the negatively charged ball towards the positively charged one provided we
connected them by a metal wire. As a matter of fact, it is not necessary at all to
connect both balls in the manner described in order to obtain a similar result. All
that we have to do is to increase the charges. If the potential difference becomes
great enough, the electrons will jump through the air forming an electric spark.5. One should mention in this connection that certain factors can greatly
influence the resistance of an electric circuit. Among them we find the size of the
wire, its length, and type. In short, the thinner or longer the wire, the greater is the
resistance offered. Besides, could we use a silver wire, it would offer less
resistance than an iron one.


Вопрос 1 из 26
Match the words and phrases with the definitions.
unit    
substance    
amount    
influence    
attention    
wire    
ball    
potential difference    
force    
circuit    


Вопрос 2 из 26
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word from the list. a) electromotive force, b) excess, c) movement, d) potential difference, e) reason, f) size, g) unit
How can we use the  ...   of generated electrical energy?


Вопрос 3 из 26
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word from the list. a) electromotive force, b) excess, c) movement, d) potential difference, e) reason, f) size, g) unit
Some electrons change their properties, such as  ...   direction, angle, and energy.


Вопрос 4 из 26
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word from the list. a) electromotive force, b) excess, c) movement, d) potential difference, e) reason, f) size, g) unit
For that  ...  , the voltage is always reduced again before the power is made use of.


Вопрос 5 из 26
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word from the list. a) electromotive force, b) excess, c) movement, d) potential difference, e) reason, f) size, g) unit
Power cells of the  ...   of а matchbox have been developed to convert solar energy into electricity.


Вопрос 6 из 26
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word from the list.
a) electromotive force, b) excess, c) movement, d) potential difference, e) reason, f) size, g) unit
We know that the  ...  of current is named after the famous French physicist Ampere.


Вопрос 7 из 26
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word from the list.
a) electromotive force, b) excess, c) movement, d) potential difference, e) reason, f) size, g) unit
Since potential difference tends to cause electricity to flow from one point to the other, it is called  
.... .

Вопрос 8 из 26
Vocabulary: Choose the correct word from the list. a) electromotive force, b) excess, c) movement, d) potential difference, e) reason, f) size, g) unit
The current will not flow unless there is a  ....   in the circuit.


Вопрос 9 из 26
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
The electromotive force moves the electrons from one point in an electric circuit to another.
        FALSE
        TRUE


Вопрос 10 из 26
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
A an iron wire offer less resistance than a silver one.
        FALSE  
        TRUE


Вопрос 11 из 26
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
There are some factors which can greatly influence the resistance of an electric circuit.
        TRUE  
        FALSE


Вопрос 12 из 26
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
A current is unable to flow in a circuit consisting of metallic wires alone.
        TRUE  
        FALSE


Вопрос 13 из 26
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
If there is a movement of electrons through the wire from point A to point B, it means that there is an excess of electrons at point В.
        TRUE
        FALSE


Вопрос 14 из 26
Decide if the following statements are FALSE or TRUE:
Not all substances offer opposition to the passage of current at normal temperature.
        FALSE
        TRUE


Вопрос 15 из 26
Find in the text English equivalents to the following expressions:
фактически, на самом деле    
в связи с этим, в этой связи    
кроме того; к тому же    
всё-таки, тем не менее    
вкратце; короче говоря    
несмотря на    
внутри, в пределах, в рамках    
в том случае, если    
с другой стороны    
давайте предположим    


Вопрос 16 из 26
Comprehension: Choose the sentence which best summarises each paragraph.
PARAGRAPH 3
        The unit of the electrical resistance, measured with direct current, is the ohm.
        Superconductors have a resistance of zero.
        Resistance is the hidden force in a material that resists the free flow of electrical current.



Вопрос 17 из 26
Comprehension: Choose the sentence which best summarises each paragraph.
PARAGRAPH 1
        It is impossible to have a flow of charge without a difference in potential.
        Some factors influencing electrical flow.
        The electromotive force is the potential difference between two points.


Вопрос 18 из 26
Comprehension: Choose the sentence which best summarises each paragraph.
PARAGRAPH 2
        Direct current and alternating current.
        Units used for measuring emf, resistance and current.
        The force that moves the electrons in an electric circuit.


Comprehension: Choose the sentence which best summarises each paragraph.
PARAGRAPH 5
        Only cross-section and length of the wire influence the resistance of an electric circuit.
        There are several factors that can influence the resistance of the wire in an electric circuit.
        Only material of the wire influences the resistance of an electric circuit.


Вопрос 20 из 26
Comprehension: Choose the sentence which best summarises each paragraph.
PARAGRAPH 4
        The experiment that demonstrate the attraction of two oppositely charged balls.
        The experiment that demonstrate the repulsion of two like-charged balls.
        The experiment that demonstrate the flow of electrons between two oppositely charged balls.


Вопрос 21 из 26
Comprehension: Сhoose the best answer to complete each sentence.
There are three factors that influence the … in a conductor: thickness, length, and temperature.
        potential difference
        current
        resistance


Вопрос 22 из 26
Comprehension: Сhoose the best answer to complete each sentence.
There is always a disorderly movement of free electrons within all substances, especially ….
        organic substunces
        metals
        semiconductors


Вопрос 23 из 26
Comprehension: Сhoose the best answer to complete each sentence.
The greater the potential difference, the … is the electron flow.
        greater
        less
        better


Вопрос 24 из 26
Comprehension: Сhoose the best answer to complete each sentence.
Plastic offer a very high resistance and, hence, it is considered as good.
        good semiconductor
        good insulator
        good conductor

Вопрос 25 из 26
Comprehension: Сhoose the best answer to complete each sentence.
If the electromotive force alternating, the current is ….
        the same
        alternating
        direct

Вопрос 26 из 26
Comprehension: Сhoose the best answer to complete each sentence.
An example of a source of an e.m.f. may be ….
        a short circuit
        a generator
        an electrical field