Англ яз вар 1 Текст Cement грамматика

Вариант 1 контрольная работа 3
1.Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык,  обращая внимание на способы перевода инфинитива. Подчеркните инфинитив в английских предложениях.
1. Another tendency in the field of civil engineering was to replace hard manual labour by machines.
2. In Washington, efforts by builders to raise a height limit of 130 feet were unsuccessful.
3. To speed up the construction work there is a growing tendency to use prefabrication parts of buildings.
2.Образуйте от данных глаголов две формы Participle I. Полученные причастия переведите на русский язык
Model: to read –    a) reading – читая, читающий;
b) having read – прочитав
1) to begin; 2) to heat; 3) to improve; 4) to fall; 5) to meet; 6) to suggest; 7) to run; 8) to calculate; 9) to write; 10) to weigh; 11) to link; 12) to implement; 13) to grow; 14)to choose; 15) to design.
3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle I. Подчеркните причастия I в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1. An estimate depending upon the design of the building must be calculated after which work on the building can be started.
2. We know that the main reason of the Tacoma Bridge failure was its extreme flexibility, resulting from aerodynamic instability.
3. When making the design of a town we should bear in mind future development.
4. Образуйте Participle II от глаголов, данных в скобках. Полученные словосочетания переведите.
Model: a (to destroy) bridge – a destroyed bridge – разрушенный мост.
1) a train (to control) by automatic engine-driver; 2) the (to obtain) result; 3) : a (to write) article  ; 4) machinery (to produce) at our plant; 5) a (to propose) project; 6) equipment (to install) in the laboratory; 7) a (to test) method; 8) a terminal (to upgrade) last year; 9) a railway (to build) for high-speed passenger traffic; 10) a (to repair) section of track.
5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle II . Подчеркните причастия II в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1. Later, people found out that bricks made of mud and dried in the hot sunshine became almost as hard as stone.
2. Modern methods used helped to accelerate the tunnel the reconstruction of the tunnel.
3. Frequently, the conditioning air systems installed in office buildings proved control during winter and summer.
6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
CEMENT
An English patent granted in 1824 to Joseph Aspdin marked the formal entry of portland cement into the construction trades. Aspdin called it «portland cement» because its color was identical with a certain kind of stone found near Portland, England. The cement is made of a powered mixture derived from limestone, cement rock, oyster shells, clay, iron ore, shale, sand and marl. Other ingredients are often added to make special types of cement for certain conditions. One beautiful type is white porcelain cement – a snowy white substance used for striking architectural effects. A type important to northern builders is air-entrained  portland cement which has the ability to form millions of tiny bubbles of air in the concrete or mortar mass, making it more flexible in freeze-thaw conditions. Air-entrained concrete and mortar are resistant to the salt and chemicals used for melting snow and ice, and they are easier to work with a trowel. If you live in the north, air-entrained cement is the only kind to use.