вар 3 Memory Retrieval

Направление 030300 «Психология» II курс III семестр
Контрольная работа № 1 Вариант 3
1.    Переведите текст.
Memory Retrieval
In order to utilize information, it needs to be retrieved fr om memory.
Once information has been encoded and stored in memory, it must be retrieved in order to be used. Memory retrieval is important in virtually every aspect of daily life, fr om remembering wh ere you parked your car to learning new skills. There are many factors that can influence how memories are retrieved from long-term memory. In order to fully understand this process, it is important to learn more about exactly what retrieval is as well as the many factors that can impact how memories are retrieved.
Memory Retrieval Basics
So what exactly is retrieval? Simply put, it is a process of accessing stored memories. When you are taking an exam, you need to be able to retrieve learned information from your memory in order to answer the test questions. There are four basic ways in which information can be pulled from long-term memory. The type of retrieval cues that are available can have an impact on how information is retrieved. A retrieval cue is a clue or prompt that is used to trigger the retrieval of long-term memory.
Recall: This type of memory retrieval involves being able to access the information without being cued. Answering a question on a fill-in-the-blank test is a good example of recall.
Recollection: This type of memory retrieval involves reconstructing memory, often utilizing logical structures, partial memories, narratives or clues. For example, writing an answer on an essay exam often involves remembering bits on information, and then restructuring the remaining information based on these partial memories.
Recognition: This type of memory retrieval involves identifying information after experiencing it again. For example, taking a multiple-choice quiz requires that you recognize the correct answer out of a group of available answers.
Relearning: This type of memory retrieval involves relearning information that has been previously learned. This often makes it easier to remember and retrieve information in the future and can improve the strength of memories.
Problems with Retrieval
Of course, the retrieval process doesn't always work perfectly. Have you ever felt like you knew the answer to a question, but couldn't quite remember the information? This phenomenon is known as a 'tip of the tongue' experience. You might feel certain that this information is stored somewh ere in your memory, but you are unable to access and retrieve it.
While it may be irritating or even troubling, research has shown that these experiences are extremely common, typically occurring at least once each week for most younger individuals and two to four times per week for elderly adults (Schacter, 2001). In many cases, people can even remember details such as the first letter that the word starts with. (Brown, 1991).
Even though memory retrieval is not flawless, there are things that you can do to improve your ability to remember information. Check out some of these great ideas for how to improve your memory.
2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
1 . The stakes are high = A lot is at ______________ ( = a lot can be gained or lost)
  hand sake stake
2. Our biggest creative ______________ is to associate the product characteristics with the spirit of Christmas.
  challenge call check
3. This campaign is ______________ ( = focused/based) on the concept of family.
  centered concerned called
4.  It's hard to develop a campaign for a product that many people perceive ______________.
3.    В следующих предложениях замените придаточные дополнительные герундием с предлогом of.
1. I had no idea that he would have Belgorod soon. 2. In spite that he hasn’t had any university education he was a very intelligent man. 3. What do you think you will do tomorrow? 4. I don't know now; I thought l would go to the zoo, but the weather is so bad that probably I shan't go. 5. I hear there are some English books at our institute book-stall now. So you are thinking that you will buy some, aren't you? 6. She stayed in town the whole summer because her daughter was ill.
4.    Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола.
1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting-room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 3. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. 5.I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 6. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man.
5.    Переведите на английский язык, соблюдая правило согласования времен.
1. Он сказал мне вчера, что его отец — профессор и живет в Москве. 2. Он сказал мне вчера, что раньше он учился в университете. 3. Мы решили на прошлой неделе, что будущим летом мы все поедем в Крым. 4. Гид предупредил нас, что в этой части города движение довольно сильное. 5. Секретарь не заметил, что директор с кем-то разговаривает. 6. Все мы знали, что ее семья опять в Санкт-Петербурге. 7. Лена сказала, что она дарит нам эту картину. 8. Я знала, что она работает на заводе, что у нее есть муж и двое детей, что семья у нее очень дружная и она счастлива. 9. Она сказала, что ее коллеги всегда дают ей прекрасные советы. 10. В прошлом году они думали, что никогда не будут хорошо читать по-английски, но вчера они увидели, что читают тексты довольно хорошо.    Закончите предложения в косвенной речи, обратите внимание на изменение местоимений и глаголов.
Helen: Me and my parents visited the Tower.
Gareth: What does she say?
You: She says that __________.
Helen: One evening we went to see a musical.
Gareth: What does she say?
You: She says that __________.
Helen: I love London.
Gareth: What does she say?
You: She says __________.
Helen: The people are so nice there.
Gareth: What does she say?
You: She says __________.