вар 9 ELECTRONICS - SCIENCE OF THE FUTUR

ВАРИАНТ 9
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1.    The crew is reported to have carried out a great deal of scientific experiments.
2.    We know the wave theory of light to be first proposed by the English physicist Robert Hooke in 1665.
3.    Nearly all refrigerators to be used at home are based upon the principle that the rapid evaporation of a liquid or the expansion of a gas produce cooling.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов.
1.    A curve showing the behaviour of metal is given in Fig. 21.
2.    About 100 years ago, a French scientist Pierre Curie subjecting certain crystalline materials to pressure, observed that they produced an electric charge.
3.    The computer's electronic memory recording all the operator's commands, the picture of deviations was produced.
III.    Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения. Обратите внимание на то, как переводятся условные предложения.
1.    If one looks at his own face in a mirror, the image observed is technically described as perverted.
2.    If the service life of the instrument had been prolonged, the economic effect would have been increased many times.
3.    It would be impossible to ensure the full supply of energy without atomic power stations.
IV.    Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
1.    to play a part — играть роль
2.    to their credit — на своем счету
3.    means — средства
4.    in the order of - порядка (т.е. около...)
ELECTRONICS - SCIENCE OF THE FUTURE
1.    In our country much attention is given to electronics, which is playing a major part1 in economic development. Soviet scientists and engineers have many achievements to their credit2 in this field. One outstanding example is space.
2.    Electronics, however, has not only helped us to reach cosmic expanses but has given us an insight into the world of the most minute organisms — viruses. For instance, a modern electronic microscope shows the processes taking place in ultra-microscopic formations of a living cell. Now it is possible to distinguish details being a millionth of a millimetre away from each other.
3.    Electronics is in many ways helping us to solve the problemof the peaceful uses of atomic energy, and to study atomic nuclei and elementary particles. We know electronics to have found broad application in industry as a means of3 of automation, con¬trol and inspection, and as a direct means of fulfilling such opera¬tions as melting, cutting of superhard materials, welding, etc.
4.    The electron beam acting like a micro-miniature instrument can cut, bore, mill or plane any material, including tungsten and diamond, with an accuracy to within microns. Quantum generators can focus light in extremely narrow beams, their angular width being in the order of4 a thousandth of a degree. These instruments are called lasers and they can be used for cutting, drilling, welding and other treatment of materials.
5.    The lasers are also used in studying the properties of various substances, in radio-engineering, medicine, biology, etc.
V. Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
What branches of engineering and science can lasers be used in?