вар 1 Environmental pollution

ВАРИАНТ 1 контрольная работа 2
I. Определите видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций
1. Elements are transformed into other elements both by man and by nature.
2. Today plastics are being applied for car bodies.
3. They will be shown a new film tomorrow.  
4. The launching of Sputnik 1 was followed by many achieve¬ments in science and engineering.
5.    When much material had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was published.
6.    He was asked many questions at the exams.  

II. Установите функции Participle I и Participle II, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоя¬тельством или частью глагола-сказуемого.
1.  The atoms forming our planet are built of negative electrons, positive protons and ordinary neutrons.
2.   Nylon was the first synthetic fibre used in clothing.
3. This kind of treatment when used makes the metals heat-resistant.
4.  When passing through an electroscope, X-rays cause its discharge.

III. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значе¬ния слова ONE
    1. This metro station was opened last year, and that one will be put into operation in two years.
    2. One of our teachers will be in London this week.
    3. One must take part in scientific work.
    4. Our old laboratory equipment was much worse than the new one.
IV.     Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива
1. It is necessary for a Soviet specialist to know a foreign language.
2.  The Russian scientists were the first to construct and launch the space rocket.
3. Our idea was to design a new device for automatic control.
            4. The new method to be introduced at our plant will boost labour productivity.

V. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции глагола to BE
1. In the Metro people are carried up and down by escalators.
2. This machine is suitable for lifting things.
3. He was to meet him at the station.  

VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст

    1. Environmental pollution is a term that refers to all the ways by which people pollute their surroundings. People dirty the air with gases and smoke, poison the water with chemical and other substances, and damage the soil with too many fertilizers and pesticides. People also ruin natural beauty by scattering junk and litter on the land and in the water. They operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with disturbing noise. Nearly everyone causes pollution in some way.
2. Badly polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land available for growing food.    3. Exhaust from automobiles causes a large percentage of air pollution. But the automobile provides transportation for millions of people. Factories discharge much of the material that pollutes air and water, but factories provide jobs for people. Too much fertilizer or pesticide can ruin soil, but fertilizers and pesticides are important aids to the growing of crops.
    4. Thus, to end or greatly reduce pollution immediately, people would have to stop using many things that benefit them. Pollution can be gradually reduced in several ways. Scientists and engineers can work to find ways to lessen the amount of pollution that such things as automobiles and factories cause. Governments can pass laws that require businesses and individuals to stop, or cut down on certain polluting activities.

VII. Ответьте письменно на вопрос:
    Why do people have to stop using many things that benefit them?