вар 2 DRIVER, VEHICLE, AND ROAD

ВОЛЖСКИЙ ПОЛИТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ) ВАРИАНТ 2
1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:
DRIVER, VEHICLE, AND ROAD
1. Transportation is a system consisting essentially of three components: driver, vehicle, and road. If any one of these components fails, the whole system would fail, and conditions of hazards would be created on the road. To provide a safe and efficient transportation system, it is necessary that all of these three components should function in a well coordinated manner.
2. Driver. Studies have shown that 86% of the serious accidents are caused by drivers.
3. Vehicle. This component also plays a vital part in determining safety on roads. An unsafe vehicle is a source of constant danger in a road transportation system.
4. Road. To ensure maximum safety for the transportation system, it is necessary to plan and design highways on sound engineering techniques.
5. Modern roads. Modern roads should possess the following principal features. They should be designed according to the anticipated volume and speed of the traffic. Bends and gradients should always be slight. Visibility should not be hindered. They should be well lit. Hedge and tree planting on the road sides should provide a pleasant and interesting outlook to avoid monotony and boredom.
6. Road construction. In modern road construction, there is much greater recognition of the importance of the subsoil beneath a road. It is regarded as an integral part of the road. In case of mechanical stabilization granular or cohesive materials are added to the subsoil. In dry climates it is necessary to add substances helping to retain sufficient moisture. Stabilization can be carried out by adding substances that harden the soil, and greatly increase its compressive strength. The constantly increasing volume of modern traffic involves the construction of numerous auxiliary structures, such as bridges, flyovers, tunnels, and underpasses. It is mainly these structures that will present problems for the engineers.
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3. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы: 1.    What are the three main components of transportation? 2.    What will happen if any one of these components fails? 3.    What should be made to obtain maximum highways safety? 4.    What should be made to avoid monotony and boredom on roads? 5.    What role does the subsoil play in the modern road construction?