Английский, вариант 5

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Вариант 5
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be. to have, to do,
1.    Our task is to plant potatoes in time.
2.    I was to have finished my work yesterday.
3.    Don’t open the window. It is cold.
4.    He was sleeping when I came.
5.    When and where were you born?

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом их них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец 1) Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.    The problem of irrigation will be spoken about at the conference.
2.    Gold is not affected by moisture.
3.    I have been invited to this meeting.
4.    Corn is widely grown in the USA.
5.    Our town is situated not far fr om sea.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения: подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, то есть укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец 2)
1.    They have discovered a new element this century.
2.    Distilled water used in the laboratory is quite tasteless.
3.    Crop yields are affected by soil and climatic conditions.
4.    Supplying dairy cows with protein farmers increased their productivity.
5.    A harvest of apples grown last year was rich.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, открыв скобки и выбрав правильную форму причастия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.    A fish (taken, taking) fr om the water cannot live.
2.    The students (spoken, speaking) good English must help their classmates.
3.    (Going, gone) along the street he met his brother.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива и инфинитивные обороты.
1.    It is difficult to translate this text without dictionary.
2.    He wishes the work to be done at once.
3.    That power station is known to be situated on the Angara River.
4.    He wants his son to become a doctor.
5.    We expect the contract to be concluded in the nearest future.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий и его функцию.
1.    Manuring the soil is very important.
2.    We did not know of his corning to our town.
3.    We shall begin sowing oats in two days.
4.    They are interested in improving our trade contacts with a number of firms.
VII. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1.    The district you will go is in Siberia.
2.    Timiryazev was the professor the students highly respected.
3.    The young engineer I am working with graduated from Moscow Institute of Agricultural Engineers.

VIII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
LAND ECONOMICS
Land economics deals with the efficiency of the use of land, soil conservation and irrigation practices. Crop production greatly depends on land and its productivity.
The cropland varies greatly both from one region to another and within each region. Soils are the most important natural resources. Farming destroys them to some extent, removing the essential plant-food elements and exposing soils to the effects of erosion. The latter is the result of the action of wind and water. Erosion lowers productive value through the loss of the soil itself and removal of nutrients and organic material. The net effects are: higher cost of tillage and lower income.
Better land use means first of all soil conservation. It includes measures for controlling erosion, proper rotations to increase the organic matter, the application of fertilizers and manure, proper tillage methods as well as drainage and irrigation practices.
The better the soil, the higher the yield. But yields are known to be affected by many other factors as well. Among them there are: high-quality seeds of the crops adapted to the climatic and soil conditions of the region, application of fertilizers, good preparation of the land, proper rotations, drainage and irrigation wh ere needed, timely planting, cultivating and harvesting.
Crops being well adapted to the region, better and more economical yields are obtained. Crops should be produced wh ere physical conditions are most favourable for their growth. Thus, it is necessary to study the main physical needs of the crops to be grown.
Proper varieties should be chosen to get high yields. The proper selection of high-producing, good-quality varieties is an important part of high production efficiency.
Of all agricultural practices affecting yields seedbed preparation has been found to be the most important. Plowing is the first step in seedbed preparation. Due to this operation the soil is loosened, better conditions for the crop being provided. The right kind of preparing a seedbed is to get a fine, moist and mellow soil.
Good crop rotations are known to keep up the productivity of the soil. A rotation usually includes; a grass-farming crop, especially one that includes legumes to add nitrogen and increase the organic matter of the soil; a cereal and a cultivated crop, at which time manure and fertilizers can be applied. Well-planned rotations increase yields because of their conserving and improving the soil. They increase the supply of organic matter, which has such a good effect on the physical condition of the soil. Crop rotations proved to be highly effective in controlling weeds and diseases.