Английский язык

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление окончания -s.
1.    The railway station is an hour’s drive from my house.
2.    Few people knew that the first programmer in the world was Byron’s daughter.
3.    The “Repin” train departs from St. Petersberg’s Finlandsky terminal.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание                 на употребление оборота there + to be
1.    There is not enough time for us to catch the next train.
2.    There are many goods that can be transported by air.
3.    The construction of the first tunnels required much time, effort and money because there were no special equipment for it and only manual labour was used.
III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в действительном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1.    The first steam locomotives were not strong and they often broke down.
2.    The train will cover the distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg in  3 hours if it moves at a speed of 250 km/h.
3.    The automatic train control facilitates the work of a locomotive driver and provides more reliable movement of a train.
IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в страдательном залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1.    At first coal gas was used as fuel for diesel engine.
2.    Thanks to new cars with greater capacity, the freight turnover will be increased.
3.    About 60% of the Moscow-St. Petersburg railway line is equipped with an auto – block system and over one third is electrified.

V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание употребление прилагательных в сравнительной и превосходной степенях. Подчеркните прилагательные в английских предложениях и укажите степень сравнения.
1.    The concrete sleepers are more reliable than the wooden crossties, and they last longer.
2.    As the rail joint is the weakest part of the permanent way, it is necessary to use longer rail.
3.    The efficiency of electric locomotives is 4 times higher than that of steam locomotives.

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, употребив прилагательные, данные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени.
1.    Although there are now (fast) and (modern) means of transport, railways remain (safe) and (popular) form of transport.
2.    Our (good) diesel locomotive develops a speed of 170 km per hour.
3.    One of (convenient) and (fast) means of freight transportation is a container.

VII. Перепишите и переведите текст.    

ENGINES

Do you know what the first engine was like? It was called “the water wheel”. This was an ordinary wheel with blades fixed to it and the current of a river turned it. These first engines were used for irrigating fields. Then a windpowered engine was invented. It was a small wheel with long wide wooden blades attached to it. The new engine was driven by the wind. Both of these engines, the water-and wind- operated, are very economical. They don’t need fuel to function, but they are dependent on the weather.
Many years passed and people invented a new engine operated by steam. In a steam engine, there is a furnace and a boiler. The furnace is filled with wood or coal and then lit. The fire heats the water in the boiler and when it boils, it turns into steam. The (чем) more coal is put in the furnace, the (тем) stronger the fire is burning. The more steam there is, the faster a train or a boat is moving. The steam engine drove all sorts of machines, for example, steam ships and steam locomotives. The very first aeroplane built by A.F. Mozhaisky also had a steam engine. This engine played a very important part in the history of transport and industry development. However, it had its disadvantages. It was too large, heavy and needed too much fuel.
The imperfections of the steam engine led to the design of a new type. It was called the internal combustion engine, because its fuel ignites and burns inside the engine itself and not in a furnace. It is smaller and lighter than a steam engine because it does not have a boiler. It is also more powerful, as it uses better-quality fuel: petrol or kerosene.
The internal combustion engine is now used in cars, diesel locomotives and motor ships. However, in order to enable airplanes to fly faster than the speed of sound another more powerful engine was needed. Eventually, one was invented and it was given the name “jet engine”. The gases in it reach the temperature of over a thousand degrees. It is made of a very resistant metal so that it will not melt.

VIII. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста. Используйте фразы: It is right. It is wrong.
Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. The steam engine is the most powerful one, and it is widely used nowadays. 2. Water wheels were used for irrigating fields. 3. Internal combustion engines are very economical and do not need fuel to function.            4. The very first locomotive was powered by the steam engine. 5. Windpowered engines played a very important part in the history of transport.  
6.    In an internal combustion engine, there is a furnace and a boiler.  
7.    An internal combustion engine is smaller and lighter than a steam engine. 8. Internal combustion engines are used in airplanes. 9. Jet engines are made of a very resistant metal. 10. A jet engine does not have a boiler.