краб 2 вар 1 Economic Policy and Grow

ВАРИАНТ  1
I.    Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

Were investing – Past Continuous Active от стандартного глагола  to invest.
1.   This bank was making loans to corporations during two months last year.
2.   The British Government has always attached great importance to the rounds of GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) talks.

1.   Although the fright was handled carefully, important components were broken in transit.
2. The world economy had previously been organized on the assumption of cheap oil prices.
3. The new price lists are being printed and will be available in a few days.

II.    Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли причастие определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.  While discharging the goods the workers came upon a number of bags damaged by sea water.                                                                
2.   When asking the seller to send him a quotation, the buyer gives a de-tailed description of the goods required by him.                                                        
   3.  The sellers refused to reduce prices quoted and the buyers declined the     offer.                                                                                    

III.    Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.   Before you can manufacture the heavy-duty batteries, you’ll have to enlarge your capacity.
2.  Demand for many products may fluctuate according to the season.
3.  People with large incomes or assets can always get credit from a bank.
IV. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1.   The accountant said the financial statement would be prepared by the end of the month.
2.  The bank account the supplier has must be known to the buyer.
V.  Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них независимый причастный оборот и подчеркните его. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода независимого причастного оборота на русский язык.
1.   Income representing a flow of real output, movements in the national income are often used to indicate change in the standard of living.
2.   A distinction must be made between import and export, the relation between them being the balance of trade.                                                              
VI.       Перепишите следующие сложные предложения, найдите в них придаточные   предложения условия и подчеркните их. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода условных предложений на русский язык.
1.  If you compare this statement with your last one, you’ll see that all rates      have risen considerably.
2.  If interest rates on securities went down, bond prices or prices for securities would go up.
3.  If the new technology had not been introduced, labour productivity would not have been raised.

VII. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите  2, 3, 5, 7 абзацы текста.
Economic  Policy  and  Growth
    1.  Economic policy embraces all the measures by which the government aims to influence and control economic life. The government’s economic policy in Britain has several objectives and one of them is economic growth.
    2.  Growth is an important objective of economic policy because it is the key to higher standards of living and because people expect their children to have a better life than they have had.
    3.  Economic growth means an expansion of production, and therefore of national income, during the course of time and it is usually measured in terms of increase in real national income per person in a country during the course of time. The level of national income depends on supply factors and demand factors, the former governing the development of the potential productive capacity and the latter determining its actual utilization.
    4.  Economic policy measures can be used to influence the various factors which determine growth. Fiscal and monetary measures can be used to stimulate private investment and public investment, research and development may be encouraged by grants and tax allowances, and the government can enlarge and improve educational and training facilities. It also has the ability to maintain demand at levels which will encourage firms to expand their capacities.
    5.  If growth were the only objective of economic policy, there is little doubt that it could be achieved. But governments are known to be faced with the problem of conflicting objectives. In the UK, these conflicts have been particularly acute and for much of the post-war period aggregate demand has been managed with a view to dealing with balance of payments problems and escalating inflation.
    6.  The use of demand management techniques to deal with inflation and external deficits resulted in a series of ‘stop-go’ phases. Deflationary measures were applied to slow down the rate of inflation or to reduce the level of imports and they were relaxed when unemployment rose to politically unacceptable levels. ‘Stop-go’ policies however are not likely to encourage those expectations which are conducive to economic growth.
    7.  Workers too are unlikely to be receptive to changing practices and techniques, unless they are convinced that sustained growth will generate new job opportunities. The government may also find it difficult to persuade people to accept the sacrifices which a faster rate of economic growth demands.  
VIII.  Прочитайте 4 абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:
What policy measures can be used to influence some factors determining economic growth?