вариант 3 UK PARLIAMENT: Daily business

вариант 3 Вариант 3
1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на время, в котором стоит глагол-сказуемое. Подчеркните сказуемое, определите время
MODEL:
Polling stations have already been closed.
Voting will have finished by 8 p.m. tomorrow.
The defendant will have made his speech before the sentence is announced.
The U.S. Constitution had been adopted by 1790.
All evidence had been disclosed before the trial began.
Every day of our lives we are restrained and guided by law.
Evidence was being studied at the laboratory yesterday from 3 to 5.
At some time in his life, almost every individual is a victim of circumstances, which would justify his taking another person to court.
The third day of the trial Mr. Myers, the Counsel for the prosecution is calling his surprise witness, Christine Helm.
I don’t see any reason why this witness should not be qualified to give evidence.
Since the defense has called but one witness, the prisoner, it has the right to be heard last.
2. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на время, в котором стоит глагол-сказуемое. Подчеркните сказуемое, определите время в переведенном предложенииОБРАЗЕЦ:
Законопроект был принят единогласно.
Вчера законопроект обсуждали на заседании комитета весь день.
Что ты делал вчера в это время?
Присяжные вынесли вердикт вчера к полудню.
Они спорят с тех пор, как учитель вышел из класса.
Кто сейчас сдает экзамен по английскому языку?
Вы будете выдвигать своего кандидата на выборах?
Имена новых президента и вице-президента будут объявлены в январе.
Она работает над книгой уже несколько месяцев.
Сегодня Сенат утвердил состав Верховного суда.
Вчера мы обсудили это дело и изменили решение.
3. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива в предложении, подчеркните инфинитив, назовите его функциюMODEL:
To arrive to a verdict is the main jury's task.
Any MP has a power to introduce a Bill.
Courts of Appeal can consider only questions of law.
Individuals must become as knowledgeable of the law as possible.
If you had had a more experienced lawyer, you would have won.
I happened to be waiting for the bus when the accident happened.
4. Переведите предложения на английский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива в предложении, подчеркните инфинитив в английском предложении:ОБРАЗЕЦ:
Палата Лордов не может отклонить законопроект, касающийся денег.
Президент США имеет право назначать федеральных судей.
Вам не понадобиться много времени, чтобы добраться туда
Все что вам надо сделать – это связаться с вашим юристом.
Я не просил, чтобы мне сообщали эту новость.
Треть сенаторов США должна переизбираться каждые два года.
Ты достаточно взрослый, чтобы позаботиться о своем маленьком брате
5. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на грамматические конструкции Complex Object и Complex SubjectMODEL:
Federal and State court sytems are said to be alike in structure.
The Chief Justice was reported to have retired.
The U.S. Supreme Court is known to be the court of last resort.
The reorganization/bankruptcy court can require the government to refrain from collecting that debt.
He wants the book to be returned tomorrow.
Shoplifting is reported to have increased since last month.
She is expected to come any minute
A contract is considered to be valid if it is enforceable by both parties.
6. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя грамматические конструкции Complex Object и Complex Subject:ОБРАЗЕЦ:
Судья приказал, чтобы пресса покинула зал заседаний.
Он сказал, что ничто не заставит его изменить свое решение.
Грабитель заставил жертву отдать свои вещи.
Маловероятно, что его переизберут на новый срок.
Сообщили, что банк был ограблен.
Прокурор потребовал, чтобы эти доказательства были изъяты из дела.
Видели, что вор проник в дом через окно.
7. Прочитайте и переведите текст, ответьте на вопросы после текста:
UK PARLIAMENT: Daily business. ТЕКСТ
As in most state institution the business of both Houses follows a similar daily pattern. It is noteworthy that sittings in both Houses still begin with prayers although now attendance is voluntary.
Question Time is the start of business in both chambers. Questions, known as ‘oral questions’, are asked for an hour (in Commons)/30 minutes (in Lords) Monday to Thursday after prayers.
Oral questions are tabled in advance of Question Time. MPs are to put them at least three days in advance while Lords can do so anywhere between 1 month and 24 hours. The questions are then printed in the Commons Questions Book/ the Lords Order Paper. In the House of Commons a computer determines the order in which the questions are asked.
The Prime Minister answers questions in the Commons for half an hour every Wednesday from 12pm. Questions are tabled but after the first engagements question has been asked, any other MPs who have tabled the same question are simply called to ask an untabled, supplementary question. Ministerial oral statements may be made after Question Time. The statements are usually devoted to matters of policy or government actions.
Debates on legislation, general topics of interest or issues selected by the major parties are the main business in both chambers. A debate is a formal discussion on a Bill or topic of interest or importance. At the end of the discussion the original question is repeated and the House comes to a decision – if necessary by means of a vote.
General debates without requiring the House to vote are called adjournment debates. They are held to discuss a subject or a government policy without reaching a formal decision about it.
Another way to attract a great deal of public interest to specific events or campaigns is to submit early day motions (EDMs). Although very few EDMs are actually debated they are used for reasons such as publicising the views of individual MPs.
ВОПРОС
1. What do sittings begin with?
2. When does Question Time take place?
3. How can Ministers learn oral question topic?
4. When and what questions does the Prime Minister answer?
5. What are Ministerial oral statements usually devoted to?
6. What is the main business in both chambers?
7. What is the main purpose of adjournment debates?
8. How can MPs attract public interest to specific events?
8. Прочитайте текст и заполните нижеследующую таблицу:
Electronic Technology in the House of Representatives
In the more than 150 years since1844, electronic technology has changed an information transformation in Congress greatly. Five technologies have revolutionized the way Congress communicates with the country, each development making the legislative process more accessible to Americans.
In 1837 inventor Samuel Morse developed the telegraph system. Morse gave the first public demonstration of his telegraph machine in Washington in February 1838. Despite an impressive exhibition of the new technology, Morse did not receive funding until February 3, 1843 when Congress appropriated $10,000 to Morse in order to lay a telegraph line from Washington, D.C., to Baltimore, Philadelphia. Telegraph lines later linked the Capitol building to the White House and reporters to their respective newspapers.
The first functional telephone was invented by Bell in 1876. Telephone service expanded to Washington in 1879, and changed the information system throughout the Nation’s Capital. The first telephone was installed in the House of Representatives lobby in 1880. The first offices to have telephone's installed in 1889 were the Speaker's room, the Clerk's Office, and the Appropriations Committee. By 1897 the expanding telephone system required a larger switchboard and a fulltime operator. In 1898 Mrs. Harriet Daly became the first switchboard operator for the Capitol. She was the head switchboard operator at the Capitol for 47 years. More than 125 years since the installation of the first telephone in the Capitol, the Capitol switchboard office handles in excess of 30,000 calls per week.
On November 17, 1947 a weekday radio series detailing the significant proceedings of the House and Senate “Congress Today” was first aired. Since 1970 House committees have been permitted to broadcast public hearings live via radio and television.
Interaction between Congress and its constituents have been revolutionized since personal computers were introduced. At first computers were used to assist in the administrative tasks of running a congressional office. Then internal e-mail came into being in the early 1980s. In 1994 the House of Representatives launched its first Web site providing a new level of accessibility to Congress. Now several web sites grant the public instant access to information which once required weeks and even months to obtain.
(based on the materials of http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/technology/index.html)
Figures & Dates    Facts & Events