Контрольная работа №1. Вариант 3

                                      
                   Text.   Design of the Complete Town
(1)    In considering the design of a town or city we must  always remember that the town must be sited in a healthy position, free from dust, fogs, its layout must not encourage winds through urban spaces, and it must not pollute its own atmosphere. It must provide proper standards of space and  sunlight to its buildings and open spaces, and it must be possible to move about the town easily and without danger to life. Its parts must be so arranged that it is a convenient place for dwelling, working and playing.
(2)    Connected with these and many other technical problems is the problem of economy. The problem must be thor¬oughly examined which does not suggest that the cheapest scheme may be the best.
(3)    The town must work properly but it should also give pleasure to those who look  at  it. When  we  say  that  a town should be beautiful, we do not mean that it should have some fine parks and noble buildings, we mean that the whole of the environment,  down to the most insignificant detail,  should be beautiful.
(4)     If we examine a typical urban scene we see all kinds of objects like buildings, lamp posts, pavings, posters, and trees. It is all of them, together with all the other kinds of objects that are found in the town, that are called the raw materials of a town design. Each of them down to the least important should be aesthetically satisfying.
(5)     Designing in terms of past time does not imply the imitation of the existing environment but respect of the form, colour, texture, and general qualities of the existing development. That which is being constructed is for immediate use which is not to suggest that there must be an attempt to ignore the past and be “modern”.
(6)     Future time must also be thought of  in terms of the estimated life of the objects. Objects like buildings and lamp posts grow old and become out-of-date, and the designer must sel ect those materials that are adequate for their life, no more and no less.
(7)     Until comparatively recent times the growth of cities has been without purpose in any sense. Cities must grow, for growth is a law of life. But this natural overgrowth should have aroused action to restore balance. Mere size, as such, is no index of greatness.
(8)     All overgrowth means overcrowding, which is loss of space, one of the vital needs of cities. The lesson that has to be learned is that natural growth, and all the other forms of growth have to be made subject to will and intelligence, or the city must be harmed. This is a certain lesson of history.

1. Найдите в тексте следующие слова. Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых они содержатся, и переведите их на русский язык: 1.design 2. to site  3. layout 4. to arrange 5. to examine 6. pleasure 7. raw 8. to suggest 9. out-of-date 10. overgrowth

2. Составьте план пересказа текста в форме вопросов (5-7 предложений). Употребите 5 типов вопросов: общий, специальный, альтернативный, разделительный и к подлежащему.  

3. Перепишите и переведите письменно на русский язык 7 абзац текста.

4. Письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1.    What is a traditional town pattern?
2.    Why has the plan of a city to be flexible?
3.    What are the “raw materials” of a town design?      

5. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием  -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а). показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite Tense;
б). признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
в). показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.    The layout of a city or a town must not encourage winds through urban spaces.
2.    Scientific forecast also includes progressive methods of planning.
3. The designers’ ideas that the town  must be sited in a healthy position, free    fr om dust and fogs  have been proved.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите их видо-временные   формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The streets and buildings of existing towns will serve many future generations.
2. Objects like buildings and lamp posts grow old and become out-of-date  that’s why the designers select those materials that are adequate for their life.
3. Some years ago the growth of cities was without purpose in any sense.

7. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы
сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
      1. The designer should select the best building materials for the objects of   his planned town.
2. The cheapest scheme of the town is not always the best.
3. The old plan of the town provided less space and sunlight to its buildings than the new one.

8.    Вставьте пропущенные предлоги в предложения там, где это необходимо:
9.    When designing a town we should not forget that its citizens should be able to move … it … danger … their life.
10.    A town should be a nice place to live, to work and to rest … .
11.    The town designer should remember that his raw materials will exist … the future.