Контрольная работа. Вариант 5

1.    Translate the text, find and write down the equivalents to the words:
частное лицо, истец, уголовное дело, исковое заявление, присяжные заседатели, подать иск, гражданское дело, признать виновным, ответный иск, презумпция невиновности, ответчик, единодушное решение присяжных, денежное возмещение ущерба, оспаривать, документ.
KINDS OF CASES
As a juror, you may sit on a criminal case, a civil case, or both. Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies and other organizations. Most often, the party bringing the suit is asking for the money damages for something wrong that has been done.
The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff; the party being sued is called the defendant. There may be many plaintiffs or many defendants in the same case. The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is stated. The next paper filed is usually the answer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint. The defendant may also feel that there has been a wrong committed by the plaintiff, in which case a counterclaim will be filed along with the answer. It is up to the plaintiff to prove the case against the defendant.
Jury verdicts do not need to be unanimous in civil cases. Only ten jurors need to agree upon a verdict if there are 12 jurors: five must agree if there are six jurors.
A criminal case is brought by the state or by a city or county against a person or persons accused of having committed a crime. The state, city, or county is called the plaintiff; the accused person is called the defendant. The defendant has pleaded not guilty and you should presume the defendant's innocence throughout the entire trial unless the plaintiff proves the defendant guilty.
In criminal cases the verdict must be unanimous, that is, all jurors must agree that the defendant is guilty in order to overcome the presumption of innocence.

2. Complete the sentences with the words fr om the list, making sure you use the correct form: life, week, welcome, bandits, prison, unarmed.
1) The level of recorded crime and the number of people sent to ...both increased during the 1970s and 1980s.
2) Three ... policemen have been killed in London by ... who shot them down in cold blood.
3) By 1988 the cost of keeping someone in prison was over Ј250 per ... .
4) The most severe punishment is ... imprisonment in Britain.
5) The abolition of capital punishment in England in November 1965 was ... by most people with humane and progressive ideas.

3. Change the sentences into Passive.
1) Most people with humane and progressive ideas welcomed the abolition of capital punishment in England in 1965.
2) The court found him guilty.
3) That store doesn't keep records of violent incidents relating to shop-lifting.
4) They illegally carried drugs into another country.
5) Bandits shot three unarmed policemen down in cold blood.
6) The judge makes decisions on legal issues that come up during the trial.
7) The plaintiff brings the suit and asks for money damages.

4. Complete each sentence with a word from the list. Use each word once only: fine, jury, evidence, charged, guilty.
1) The customs officers arrested Bob and ... him with smuggling.
2) The police spent all morning searching the house for ... .
3) Jean left her car in a no-parking area and had to pay a/an … .  
4) Unfortunately at the end of the trial my brother was found ... .
5) The trial took a long time as the ... couldn't reach the verdict.

5. Translate from Russian into English using model verbs.
1) Мне пришлось работать в прошлую субботу.
2) Я должен повидать моего друга сегодня.
3) Я должен был взять такси, так как было очень поздно.
4) Она должна быть дома сейчас.
5) Вы можете прийти в любое удобное для вас время.

6. Change these sentences to Indirect speech beginning with the words given.
1) I'll be back tomorrow. (He said)
2) He's ill. (She thought)
3) I don't like this music. (She said)
4) Wh ere's the bus station? (She asked me)
5) Have you finished? (I asked him)
6) Nobody loves me. (I felt)
7) Do you want tea or coffee? (He asked her)
8) I’ll clean the flat. (She offered)

7. Combine the following pairs of sentences into one, beginning with Having.
1) He wrote her a letter. He had tried phoning her several times.
2) I had received an invitation. I felt I had to go to the party.
3) He couldn't understand the message. He hadn't learnt any Japanese.
4) After he had picked up his luggage, he went to look for a taxi.
5) Maria handed in her script. She had answered all the questions.

8. Make all types of questions to each sentence (general, special, disjunctive, alternative).
1) Nobody can be held in prison without trial.
2) One of the most detailed ancient legal codes was drawn up in about 1758 B.C. by Flammurabi, a king a Babylonia.